The priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap of summer maize in the north of Huang-Huai-Hai region,China

Understanding yield potential, yield gap and the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap in current intensive maize production is essential for meeting future food demand with the limited resources. In this study, we conducted field experiments using different planting modes, which were basic productivity(CK), farmer practice(FP), high yield and high efficiency(HH), and super high yield(SH), to estimate the yield gap. Different factorial experiments(fertilizer, planting density, hybrids, and irrigation) were also conducted to evaluate the priority of individual management factors for reducing the yield gap between the different planting modes. We found significant differences between the maize yields of different planting modes. The treatments of CK, FP, HH, and SH achieved 54.26, 58.76, 65.77, and 71.99% of the yield potential, respectively. The yield gaps between three pairs: CK and FP, FP and HH, and HH and SH, were 0.76, 1.23 and 0.85 t ha~(–1), respectively. By further analyzing the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap between FP and HH, as well as HH and SH, we found that the priorities of the management factors(contribution rates) were plant density(13.29%)fertilizer(11.95%)hybrids(8.19%)irrigation(4%) for FP to HH, and hybrids(8.94%)plant density(4.84%)fertilizer(1.91%) for HH to SH. Therefore, increasing the planting density of FP was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between FP and HH, while choosing hybrids with density and lodging tolerance was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between HH and SH.     

乡村园林景观规划设计研究——以周村生态体验园为例

乡村园林的景观规划设计,为乡村旅游业的发展注入了新的活力,是不可或缺的可持续发展产业中坚力量。设计具有独特人文气息与魅力的生态文化景观是乡村园林景观规划设计急需解决的问题。从景观规划相关理念出发,阐释了乡村园林景观的运行模式和类型,以及景观生态学等原理,提出了设计的原则和方法。以周村生态体验园的景观规划设计为实例,提出了各方详细的设计思路,得出乡村园林景观规划设计策略。乡村园林生态体验园的设计特色,决定了它与周边互相依存的生态关系。在自然环境中渗透景观设计要素,能够很好的传达当地的历史文化传统,塑造乡村旅游特色,为乡村的经济发展提供更加坚强的后盾。研究结果也可为今后乡村园林景观实际项目的可持续发展式规划和设计提供理论基础。     

不同微喷弥雾调控方式下微气候因子对极端干旱区葡萄果实生长及糖度的影响

通过对极端干旱区葡萄在不同微喷弥雾调控方式（WP1,架上喷水1 h;WP2，架下喷水1 h；WP3，地上喷水1 h）下微气候因子与葡萄果实生长形态及糖度的监测，分析葡萄园微气候因子变化规律及其与葡萄果实生长形态和糖度的关系。结果显示：采用微喷弥雾调控可有效降低葡萄园温度和增加湿度，与CK处理（常规滴灌，不喷水）相比，白天平均温度低2.9℃~3.3℃，平均温度低2.5℃~2.9℃，夜晚平均湿度高4.7%~5.5%，同时可促进葡萄果实生长和糖度累积，WP1、WP2和WP3与CK处理相比，果粒纵茎高出2.88、1.76、0.9 mm，果粒横茎高出1.33、1.80、1.76 mm，果粒均重高出0.22、0.26、0.25 g，糖度分别高出7.75%、3.96%和5.53%。在葡萄果实生长发育过程中，白天平均温度和平均温度是影响葡萄纵径和横径的关键微气候因子，晚上平均湿度是影响葡萄果实重量和糖度的关键微气候因子，在白天平均温度为30.4℃~33.8℃、晚上平均湿度为49.5%~50.5%时接近葡萄果实纵径、横径和果粒均重拟合值最大值。根据其相互关系和建立的回归模型，得出可以用白天平均温度、平均温度和晚上平均湿度对该地区葡萄生长和糖度变化进行分析和预测。     

甘肃省草地植被NDVI时空变化特征及驱动因素研究

本文基于甘肃省2000—2019年归一化植被指数（normalized different vegetation index，NDVI）数据及气象数据，研究了甘肃省草地NDVI时空变化特征及驱动因素。结果表明：近20年，生长季草地NDVI整体水平较低但呈波动上升趋势，增速为0.030·（10a）^-1，草地NDVI分布呈现东南高西北低的格局；20年间生长季NDVI呈显著增加趋势的面积占甘肃省草地的19.08%，主要分布在陇中黄土高原；甘南高原和祁连山地生长季NDVI保持稳定，其中高寒草甸NDVI整体较高且稳定性较强；生长季草地NDVI受夏季降水量的影响较大；人类活动主要促进了草地NDVI的增长。整体而言，甘肃省草地NDVI呈现增长趋势且稳定性较高，降水量对草地NDVI的影响较强。另外，生态工程也促进了草地NDVI增长，需长期实施。     

Analysis of risk factors associated with recurrence of canine babesiosis caused by Babesia gibsoni

Canine babesiosis due to Babesia gibsoni (B. gibsoni) displays severe clinical manifestations. Recurrence of babesiosis after anti-babesial treatment is observable in over 10 % of the patients. The present study ascertains the risk factors and cumulative incidence of recurrence of canine babesiosis. For a sample of 145 dogs diagnosed with acute babesiosis, the following parameters were assessed over a period of 16 weeks: haematological parameters, status of anaemia, platelet count, total WBC count, haemoglobin concentration and RBC count, concurrent haemoparasitism, and secondary immune mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA). Patient demographics such as age, breed, sex were also recorded. The potential risk factors were statistically evaluated by the cumulative incidence function and the Kaplan-Meier method. The recurrent infections were observed in 11.8 % of the study sample. The following factors were found to associate with increased risk of recurrence: Rottweiler breed (CIR 21.8 % ± 6.9 %; p < 0.05), secondary IMHA (CIR 28.7 % ± 11.3 %; p < 0.05), RBC counts < 2 × 10⁶/μl on the day of diagnosis (CIR 16 % ± 4.6 %; p < 0.05), and persistent anaemia over 20 days post treatment (CIR 29.14 ± 7.9 %; p < 0.001). Dogs with concurrent haemoparasitic infections were predicted to have a fatal outcome in the survival analysis (disease related mortalities 25 % ± 13 %; p < 0.001). According to the findings, veterinarians need to pay attention to Rottweiler breed, dogs with secondary IMHA, concurrent haemoparasitism, low RBC counts on diagnosis and those with persistent anaemia to reduce the risk of relapse.     

奶牛产后首次发情行为变化规律及影响因素分析

本实验旨在通过对奶牛场发情监测设备数据的综合分析,探究奶牛产后首次发情行为变化规律及胎次、季节、泌乳水平等因素对发情行为的影响,提高牛场数字化管理水平。本研究采集了2018年7月—2019年8月北京延庆某奶牛养殖场315头产后母牛首次发情信息,共计20475项相关数据,包括发情日期、活动量、反刍量、胎次、产奶量等,运用Excel整理数据,结合SPSS 21.0软件进行多因素方差分析。结果表明:奶牛发情当天活动量极显著增加,由发情前的168.25步/h增长到363.3步/h(P<0.01),反刍时间显著下降,由发情前的505.1 min/d下降至431.1 min/d(P<0.05);春、夏、秋、冬四季发情奶牛分别占总发情牛数的35.0%、22.6%、14.8%和27.4%,其中,秋、冬两季奶牛首次发情时活动量及反刍时间变化显著;随着奶牛胎次的增加,奶牛发情时发情行为呈减弱趋势;高产奶牛活动量及活动量变化量均显著低于中产奶牛和低产奶牛。综上,在分析使用发情监测数据时,应综合考虑季节、胎次、泌乳水平等影响因素,以便科学利用现代数字化监测系统提高奶牛产后首次发情揭发率与配种率。     

历史街区街道界面景观要素及保护策略研究——以青岛鱼山历史文化街区为例

指出了历史文化街区是人类文明的“活化石”,是人类历史文化遗迹和日常生活的重要空间载体。历史文化街区的街道景观是街道展示景观的主要载体,通过对街道界面景观要素的提取、归纳与总结,得出街道界面景观要素由底界面、侧界面以及顶界面三大核心要素组成,并将其应用到鱼山历史文化街区街道景观内进行了分析研究,提出了一些保护策略。旨在进一步了解历史文化街区街道界面景观要素构成,为历史文化街区景观的保护提供更加清晰的思路。     

面向老龄化社会的户外环境植物景观与健康效益评价模型建构

为了促进国内基于健康视角下户外植物景观可量化评价机制的形成与完善，归纳总结了健康景观以及普通植物景观中广泛存在的对人身心健康有促进作用的因素——植物的健康效益。从植物景观对人身心健康的影响机制手，分析户外景观环境中健康性要素构成，深入探究植物景观与老年人身心健康的作用机理，并初步构建了基于植物健康效益的适老性户外植物景观评价指标体系。     

食用菌创意景观设计

通过对食用菌创意景观设计进行研究,分析具体的设计原则和设计方法,在食用菌创意景观打造过程中融入艺术技巧和文化特色,营造独特的食用菌旅游观光资源,创造更多农业生产附加价值。     

食用菌合作社成员参与品牌建设意向的影响因素

推动食用菌农业合作社品牌建设是提升合作社发展水平的重要途径,能够极大促进食用菌合作社资源的高效利用,推动乡村产业振兴的步伐,进而有效加快我国食用菌产业的国际化进程。为进一步引导农业合作社成员积极参与品牌建设,对合作社成员参与品牌建设意向的影响因素进行了探究。结果表明,以下三个方面是食用菌合作社成员对参与标准化生产意向的影响程度最为强烈;影响因素还有以下3个方面:一是对于食用菌销售收益的满意程度;二是借助合作社销售食用菌的占比;三是食用菌合作社决策的民主性。